Pretty unlikely in the US and in puddle water: which is fresh and sterile water from rainfall. The ground it falls on, usually will be dry. No living organism can survive on a dry surface.

As much as I have seen a good variety of unusual rare Neurological Disorders, including brain eating microbes, common things being common, as long as you are not experiencing symptoms then I don't see fresh rain puddle water being an issue. If you experience any related symptoms, please go to your Primary Care doc. I once had someone with rabies spinal fluid squirt into my eye. That was definitely not fun since Rabies shots are extremely painful. Great question though!