Vertigo is divided into two types, peripheral and central vertigo. Peripheral vertigo is caused by inner ear problems such as benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, Menieres disease and Vestibular neuritis or Labyrinthitis. Whereas central vertigo is caused by pathologies of brain or brainstem like strokes, space occupying lesions, and Multiple sclerosis. To determine the cause and treat it, a thorough evaluation is needed.

There could be many causes for vertigo. We all have rocks in our head that help to keep up in the upright position. If one of these get lodged this could cause vertigo. If you are not properly hydrated this can also cause what we call hypovolemia do to low blood volume and cause vertigo, biggest concern Throwing a blood clot that travels to the brain can cause vertigo and can lead to a stroke. If this is something that is new seek medical attention.

Vertigo is the feeling that you or your surroundings are spinning or moving when you’re actually not. It’s usually caused by problems in the inner ear or the brain areas that control balance.

Common Causes of Vertigo:
BPPV (Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo)
This is the most common cause. Tiny crystals in your inner ear that help with balance can get knocked out of place.
It often happens when you roll over in bed, tilt your head back, or bend down.

Inner Ear Infections (Vestibular Neuritis or Labyrinthitis)
A virus (like a cold) can cause swelling in the balance part of your inner ear. You might feel dizzy all of a sudden, sometimes with nausea or trouble walking straight.

Meniere’s Disease
This happens when there’s too much fluid in the inner ear.
You might have dizzy spells that last longer (minutes to hours), along with ear pressure, ringing in the ear, or hearing loss.

Migraine-Related Vertigo
Even without a headache, migraines can mess with your balance.
You might feel dizzy or off-balance before, during, or after a migraine attack.

Other Causes
Some medicines (especially ones that affect the inner ear)

Head injuries

In rare cases, things like a stroke or a growth on the hearing nerve (acoustic neuroma)