Each case is different

Following initial records like photos and x-rays your braces will be installed. Leveling and alignment of the teeth occurs next using flexible wires. Working wires (steel) will follow. What these do depends on the initial problem and how your doctor has chosen to correct it. Finish wires are last to do the fine tuning of the alignment and bite. Retainer will follow removal of the braces.

Different types of braces and different techniques have different stages. Your braces treatment is planned individually for you by your orthodontist. Dentists do not have any formal orthodontic training, so always see a specialist orthodontist who is formally qualified. You would never see a GP medico for a heart operation!!

With an adult, there are no stages or phases of braces like with younger growing patients. Your treatment will all be done start to finish with one stage. Then retention begins if you want to call it a stage which will require you to wear a retainer at night as long as you want straight teeth. Don't underestimate the importance of retention and years of holding teeth.
Hope that help your understanding.

Dr. Harrison